Sprint and jump performances do not determine the promotion to professional elite soccer in Spain, 1994–2012     

Raul Martinez-Santos  Daniel Castillo 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(24):2279-2285

ABSTRACT

The aims of this study are (a) to describe the evolution of neuromuscular performance over an 18 year period within a Spanish elite reserve team; (b) to check if there were any relation between the playing position and sprint and jump performances and (c) to look into the alleged impact of this factor on the top playing level attained by the soccer players. We considered the physical tests (5 m and 15 m sprint times and countermovement jump (CMJ) height) made by 235 players enrolled in the reserve team of the Club from 1994 to 2012 and the highest competitive-level they achieved: Spanish first (n = 39) and second divisions (n = 36) and semi-professional (n = 160). Furthermore, the players were classified according to their playing positions. The main findings were a very-likely/most-likely lower neuromuscular performance (ES = 0.48–0.68, small to moderate) in the last six-season term (2006–2012) than in the first term (1994–2000); possibly/very-likely lower performances in sprinting and CMJ (ES = 0.22–0.55, small) by central defenders (CDs) and midfielders than by other playing positions; very-likely better performances in sprinting and jumping by first and second divisions central defenders than by semi-professional central defenders (ES = 0.90–1.02, moderate). Sprint and jump performances are not a relevant physical parameter to promote to the top level of soccer in Spain except for one in six of the playing positions: CDs.  相似文献   

Position-specific performance indicators that discriminate between successful and unsuccessful teams in elite women’s indoor field hockey: implications for coaching     

Don Vinson  Derek M. Peters 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(4):311-320

The aim of this investigation was to establish median performance profiles for the six playing positions in elite women’s indoor hockey and then identify whether these position-specific profiles could discriminate between qualifying (top four), mid-table and relegated teams in the 2011–2012 England Hockey premier league. Successful passing in relegated teams was significantly lower (P < 0.008) than in mid-table and qualifying teams in four of the five outfield positions. Furthermore, the right backs of qualifying teams demonstrated significantly fewer (P < 0.008) unsuccessful passes (x? = 15.5 ± CLs 15.0 and 10.0, respectively) and interceptions (x? = 4.0 ± CLs 4.0 and 3.0, respectively) than relegated teams (x? = 19.5 ± CLs 21.0 and 17.0; x? = 7.5 ± CLs 8.0 and 6.0, respectively). Finally, the right forwards of relegated teams demonstrated significantly fewer (P < 0.008) successful interceptions (x? = 4.0 ± CLs 5.0 and 4.0, respectively) than qualifying teams (x? = 5.0 ± CLs 6.0 and 3.0, respectively) and significantly more (P < 0.008) unsuccessful interceptions (x? = 5.5 ± CLs 6.0 and 4.0, respectively) than mid-table teams (x? = 3.0 ± CLs 3.0 and 2.0, respectively). Based on these findings, coaches should adapt tactical strategies and personnel deployment accordingly to enhance the likelihood of preparing a qualifying team. Research should build from these data to examine dribbling, pressing and patterns of play when outletting.  相似文献   

论上市公司绩效评价的重要性及方法     

高景丽 《绵阳师范学院学报》2004,23(6):28-31

本在借鉴国内外企业绩效评价理论的基础上。从现代财务管理的角度，结合相关学科理论。探讨上市公司绩效评价的重要性及方法。上市公司绩效评价的重要性源于证券市场快速发展。各利益相关方需要一个科学的评价尺度。对一个上市公司的绩效评价应从三方面展开：公司基本素质分析。会计数据分析。财务状况分析。  相似文献   

沈阳市大气环境质量及治理概述   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吴云 《沈阳教育学院学报》2001,3(3):107-109

沈阳市大气环境污染是以烟尘和二氧化硫为主要污染物的煤烟型污染，多年来全市污染物超标严重。本文论述了超标的多项原因及沈阳市治理环境污染的一系列措施。  相似文献   

具有非期望输出决策单元的有效性评价     

边馥萍  杨爱萍 《天津大学学报(英文版)》2002,8(4):295-298

针对具有非期望输出决策单元DMU的相对有效性 ,提出对其进行评价的非径向FDEA模型 ,并给出模型的相对有效性理论证明 .结合实际算例 ,指出FDEA模型在实际生产过程中对于节约生产资源 ,提高期望输出 ,降低非期望输出 ,特别是减少环境污染有重要应用价值 .  相似文献   

高师数学教学中如何实施素质教育的几点探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

鲍曼  王玉文  秦进红 《黑龙江高教研究》2001,(6):88-89

本简述数学素质教训在素质教育中的作用及实施素质教育进行的五种转变。  相似文献   

高校辅导员素质模型在绩效考核中的应用     

刘振强  郭敏 《高校辅导员学刊》2019,11(3):14-17,27

高校辅导员是高等学校大学生日常性思想政治教育的骨干,对于其非物化工作成效的考核是辅导员人力资源开发的重点和难点。从胜任力素质理论出发,对辅导员的素质特征、工作行为、工作成效进行科学的考评认定。从辅导员胜任力素质分析入手,探讨辅导员胜任力素质视角下辅导员绩效考核、管理的理论与方法,建构辅导员胜任力模型的绩效考核体系,解决理论与现实的双重困惑。  相似文献   

中国基础研究类高层次科技人才流动特征分析 ——以环境领域为例     

赵伟 《中国科技资源导刊 (中国信息导报)》2016,(4):81-86

探寻我国基础研究类科技人才,尤其是高层次科技人才的流动特征和规律,对于制定我国基础研究类科技 人才发现、培养和发展的政策具有重要意义。本文以环境领域国家杰出青年科学基金获得者为研究对象,对中国该领 域基础研究类高层次科技人才的机构流动和国别流动特征进行分析。基于马斯洛需求理论,进一步对不同动机产生的 人才流动所对应的年龄分布进行探讨,为我国基础研究类高层次科技人才的政策制定提供参考和借鉴。  相似文献   

Body composition of female road and track endurance cyclists: Normative values and typical changes     

Eric C. Haakonssen  Martin Barras  Louise M. Burke  David G. Jenkins  David T. Martin 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(6):645-653

The aims of this study were to describe normative values and seasonal variation of body composition in female cyclists comparing female road and track endurance cyclists, and to validate the use of anthropometry to monitor lean mass changes. Anthropometric profiles (seven site skinfolds) were measured over 16 years from 126 female cyclists. Lean mass index (LMI) was calculated as body weight?×?skinfolds^?x. The exponent (x) was calculated as the slope of the natural logarithm of body weight and skinfolds. Percentage changes in LMI were compared to lean mass changes measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in a subset of 25 road cyclists. Compared to sub-elite and elite cyclists, world class cyclists were (mean [95% CI]) 1.18?kg [0.46, 1.90] and 0.60?kg [0.05, 1.15] lighter and had skinfolds that were 7.4?mm [3.8, 11.0] and 4.6?mm [1.8, 7.4] lower, respectively. Body weight (0.41?kg [0.04, 0.77]) and skinfolds (4.0?mm [2.1, 6.0]) were higher in the off-season compared to the early-season. World class female road cyclists had lower body weight (6.04?kg [2.73, 9.35]) and skinfolds (11.5?mm [1.1, 21.9]) than track endurance cyclists. LMI (mean exponent 0.15 [0.13, 0.18]) explained 87% of the variance in DXA lean mass. In conclusion, higher performing female cyclists were lighter and leaner than their less successful peers, road cyclists were lighter and leaner than track endurance cyclists, and weight and skinfolds were lowest early in the season. LMI appears to be a reasonably valid tool for monitoring lean mass changes.  相似文献   

Physical fitness normative values for 6–18-year-old Greek boys and girls,using the empirical distribution and the lambda,mu, and sigma statistical method     

Konstantinos D. Tambalis  Demosthenes B. Panagiotakos  Glykeria Psarra  Stelios Daskalakis  Stavros A. Kavouras  Nickos Geladas 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(6):736-746

The aim of the this study was to establish age- and gender-specific physical fitness normative values and to compare percentiles and Z scores values in a large, nationwide sample of Greek children aged 6–18 years. From March 2014 to May 2014, a total of 424,328 boys and girls aged 6–18 years who attended school in Greece were enrolled. The studied sample was representative, in terms of age–sex distribution and geographical region. Physical fitness tests (i.e. 20?m shuttle run test (SRT), standing long jump, sit and reach, sit-ups, and 10?×?5?m SRT) were performed and used to calculate normative values, using the percentiles of the empirical distributions and the lambda, mu, and sigma statistical method. Normative values were presented as tabulated percentiles for five health-related fitness tests based on a large data set comprising 424,328 test performances. Boys typically scored higher than girls on cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, and speed/agility, but lower on flexibility (all p values <0.001). Older boys and girls had better performances than younger ones (p?相似文献